The European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Eutelsat) has been servicing
the European community since 1977, being formally established by a multi-lateral agreement
in 1985.
In 1979 ESA agreed to design, build, and launch five ECS (European Communication
Satellite) spacecraft to be assumed by Eutelsat after passing initial on-orbiting testing.
At that time the name of each spacecraft was changed to Eutelsat 1-F1, Eutelsat1-F2, etc.
Of the five ECS spacecraft, four were successfully launched (1983, 1984, 1987, and 1988)
and transferred to Eutelsat. ECS 3 was lost in an Ariane-3
launch accident in 1985.
As noted previously, the ECS spacecraft was derived from the OTS
vehicle but with an initial mass on station of approximately 700 kg. The payload included
twelve (including two spares) 14/11 GHz transponders with 20 W output power for a capacity
of 12,000 telephone circuits or 10 television channels. Two solar arrays with a span of
13.8 m provided 1 kW of electrical power to the 2.2 m by 2.4 m spacecraft bus. With an
anticipated working life of up to seven years, at the end of 1994 three ECS/Eutelsat 1
spacecraft were still operational at 21.5 degrees E, 25.5 degrees E, and 48 degrees E,
although Eutelsat 1-F1 offered limited service due to its inclination of more than 4.5
degrees. Eutelsat 1F2 (ECS 2) was retired in December, 1993.
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