Official name RADUGA 28
Alternative name Raduga 28
Cospar ID 1991-087A
Norad ID 21821
Launch date 1991-12-19
Launch site TTMTR
Launch vehicle Proton-K Blok-DM-2
Country/Organization USSR / Russia
Type application Communication
RCS size LARGE
Decay date ON ORBIT
Period (min) 1434.93
Inclination (deg) 13.95
Perigee (km) 35735
Apogee (km) 35793
Eccentricity 0.000810871267196063
Mean motion (revs. per day) 1.0035332734001
Semi-Major axis (km) 42142.135
Raan (deg) 346.752
Arg of perigee (deg) 144.8983
Shape Cyl + 2 Pan
Mass (kg) 1947.47
Diameter (m) 2.5
Height (m) 5
Span (m^2) 9.5
Lifetime 3 years
Contractors NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM)
Equipment 3 Delta-1 C-Band transponders, 3 Delta-2 C-Band transponders
Configuration KAUR-3
Power 2 deployable solar arrays, batteries

The Raduga or Gran satellites were a sereis of Soviet geostationary communication satellites for both military and governmental purposes.

Raduga was designed to support military communication, the Orbita ground TV network, as well as provide telephone and telegraph communications across the entire Eastern hemisphere except for polar regions.

The KAUR-3 spacecraft bus was 3-axis stabilized using liquid propellant micro-engines to within 0.25 degrees of the earth's centre. The single-unit body was equipped with solar panels, and active liquid-gas phase-change thermoregulation system, and a corrective engine unit for making orbital maneuvers. 25 square meters of solar panels provided 1280 W of power.

Raduga's communication payload consisted of two C-Band three-channel transponders designated Delta-1 and Delta-2. Delta-1 was utilized for military communications while Delta-2 was used for civilian applications.

The Raduga / Gran series was succeded by the Raduga-1 / Globus series.

Satellite COSPAR Date LS Launch Vehicle Remarks
RADUGA 1 1975-123A 1975-12-22 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 2 1976-092A 1976-09-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 3 1977-071A 1977-07-23 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 4 1978-073A 1978-07-18 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 5 1979-035A 1979-04-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 6 1980-016A 1980-02-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 7 1980-081A 1980-10-05 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 8 1981-027A 1981-03-18 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 9 1981-069A 1981-07-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 10 1981-102A 1981-10-09 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 11 1982-113A 1982-11-26 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 12 1983-028A 1983-04-08 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 13 1983-088A 1983-08-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 14 1984-016A 1984-02-15 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 15 1984-063A 1984-06-22 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 16 1985-070A 1985-08-08 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 17 1985-107A 1985-11-15 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 18 1986-007A 1986-01-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 19 1986-082A 1986-10-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 20 1987-028A 1987-03-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM
RADUGA 21 1987-100A 1987-12-10 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 22 1988-095A 1988-10-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 23 1989-030A 1989-04-14 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 24 1989-098A 1989-12-15 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 25 1990-016A 1990-02-15 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 26 1990-112A 1990-12-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 27 1991-014A 1991-02-28 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 28 1991-087A 1991-12-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 29 1993-013A 1993-03-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 30 1993-062A 1993-09-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 31 1994-012A 1994-02-18 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 32 1994-087A 1994-12-28 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2
RADUGA 33 1996-010A 1996-02-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2