Uragan
Official name COSMOS 2394 (GLONASS)
Alternative name Cosmos-2394
Cospar ID 2002-060A
Norad ID 27617
Launch date 2002-12-25
Launch site TTMTR
Launch vehicle Proton-K Blok-DM-2M
Country/Organization USSR / Russia
Type application Navigation
RCS size LARGE
Decay date ON ORBIT
Period (min) 675.73
Inclination (deg) 65.8
Perigee (km) 19122
Apogee (km) 19138
Eccentricity 0.000418191322530058
Mean motion (revs. per day) 2.13102866529531
Semi-Major axis (km) 25508.135
Raan (deg) 341.8217
Arg of perigee (deg) 353.7838
Shape Cyl + 2 Pan
Mass (kg) 1450
Diameter (m) 1.01
Height (m) 3.47
Span (m^2) 8.356
Lifetime 3 years
Contractors NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM) / NPO Polyot ?
Equipment ?
Propulsion ?
Configuration 3-Axis stabilized
Power 2 deployable solar arrays, batteries

GLONASS (Globalnaya Navigationnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System) is a Soviet space-based navigation system comparable to the American GPS system, which consistsi of Uragan spacecraft. The operational system contains 21 satellites in 3 orbital planes, with 3 on-orbit spares. GLONASS provides 100 meters accuracy with its C/A (deliberately degraded) signals and 10-20 meter accuracy with its P (military) signals.

The Uragan spacecraft are 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing with dual solar arrays.

The payload consists of L-Band navigation signals in 25 channels separated by 0.5625 MHz intervals in 2 frequency bands: 1602.5625 - 1615.5 MHz and 1240 - 1260 MHz. EIRP 25 to 27 dBW. Right hand circular polarized. On-board cesium clocks provide time accuracy to 1000 nanoseconds.

Satellite COSPAR Date LS Launch Vehicle Remarks
COSMOS 1413 (GLONASS) 1982-100A 1982-10-12 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with K. 1414 (Uragan-GVM #1), K. 1415 (Uragan-GVM #2)
COSMOS 1490 (GLONASS) 1983-084A 1983-08-10 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1491 (Uragan #3), Kosmos 1492 (Uragan-GVM #3)
COSMOS 1491 (GLONASS) 1983-084B 1983-08-10 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1490 (Uragan #2), Kosmos 1492 (Uragan-GVM #3)
COSMOS 1519 (GLONASS) 1983-127A 1983-12-29 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1520 (Uragan #5), Kosmos 1521 (Uragan-GVM #4)
COSMOS 1520 (GLONASS) 1983-127B 1983-12-29 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1519 (Uragan #4), Kosmos 1521 (Uragan-GVM #4)
COSMOS 1554 (GLONASS) 1984-047A 1984-05-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1555 (Uragan #7), Kosmos 1556 (Uragan-GVM #5)
COSMOS 1555 (GLONASS) 1984-047B 1984-05-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1554 (Uragan #6), Kosmos 1556 (Uragan-GVM #5)
COSMOS 1593 (GLONASS) 1984-095A 1984-09-04 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1594 (Uragan #9), Kosmos 1595 (Uragan-GVM #6)
COSMOS 1594 (GLONASS) 1984-095B 1984-09-04 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1593 (Uragan #8), Kosmos 1595 (Uragan-GVM #6)
COSMOS 1650 (GLONASS) 1985-037A 1985-05-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1651 (Uragan #11), Kosmos 1652 (Uragan-GVM #7)
COSMOS 1651 (GLONASS) 1985-037B 1985-05-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1650 (Uragan #10), Kosmos 1652 (Uragan-GVM #7)
COSMOS 1710 (GLONASS) 1985-118A 1985-12-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1711 (Uragan #13), Kosmos 1712 (Uragan-GVM #8)
COSMOS 1711 (GLONASS) 1985-118B 1985-12-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1710 (Uragan #12), Kosmos 1712 (Uragan-GVM #8)
COSMOS 1778 (GLONASS) 1986-071A 1986-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1779 (Uragan #15), Kosmos 1780 (Uragan #16)
COSMOS 1779 (GLONASS) 1986-071B 1986-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1778 (Uragan #14), Kosmos 1780 (Uragan #16)
COSMOS 1780 (GLONASS) 1986-071C 1986-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1778 (Uragan #14), Kosmos 1779 (Uragan #15)
COSMOS 1838 (GLONASS) 1987-036A 1987-04-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1839 (Uragan #18), Kosmos 1840 (Uragan #19)
COSMOS 1839 (GLONASS) 1987-036B 1987-04-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1838 (Uragan #17), Kosmos 1840 (Uragan #19)
COSMOS 1840 (GLONASS) 1987-036C 1987-04-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1838 (Uragan #17), Kosmos 1839 (Uragan #18)
COSMOS 1883 (GLONASS) 1987-079A 1987-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1884 (Uragan #21), Kosmos 1885 (Uragan #22)
COSMOS 1884 (GLONASS) 1987-079B 1987-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1883 (Uragan #20), Kosmos 1885 (Uragan #22)
COSMOS 1885 (GLONASS) 1987-079C 1987-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1883 (Uragan #20), Kosmos 1884 (Uragan #21)
COSMOS 1917-1919 1988-009A 1988-02-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1917 (Uragan #23), Kosmos 1918 (Uragan #24) / failed to separate
COSMOS 1946 (GLONASS) 1988-043A 1988-05-21 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1947 (Uragan #27), Kosmos 1948 (Uragan #28)
COSMOS 1947 (GLONASS) 1988-043B 1988-05-21 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1946 (Uragan #26), Kosmos 1948 (Uragan #28)
COSMOS 1948 (GLONASS) 1988-043C 1988-05-21 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1946 (Uragan #26), Kosmos 1947 (Uragan #27)
COSMOS 1970 (GLONASS) 1988-085A 1988-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1971 (Uragan #30), Kosmos 1972 (Uragan #31)
COSMOS 1971 (GLONASS) 1988-085B 1988-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1970 (Uragan #29), Kosmos 1972 (Uragan #31)
COSMOS 1972 (GLONASS) 1988-085C 1988-09-16 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1970 (Uragan #29), Kosmos 1971 (Uragan #30)
COSMOS 1987 (GLONASS) 1989-001A 1989-01-10 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1988 (Uragan #33), Kosmos 1989 (Etalon #1)
COSMOS 1988 (GLONASS) 1989-001B 1989-01-10 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 1987 (Uragan #32), Kosmos 1989 (Etalon #1)
COSMOS 2022 (GLONASS) 1989-039A 1989-05-31 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2023 (Uragan #35), Kosmos 2024 (Etalon #2)
COSMOS 2023 (GLONASS) 1989-039B 1989-05-31 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2022 (Uragan #34), Kosmos 2024 (Etalon #2)
COSMOS 2079 (GLONASS) 1990-045A 1990-05-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2080 (Uragan #37), Kosmos 2081 (Uragan #38)
COSMOS 2080 (GLONASS) 1990-045B 1990-05-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2079 (Uragan #36), Kosmos 2081 (Uragan #38)
COSMOS 2081 (GLONASS) 1990-045C 1990-05-19 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2079 (Uragan #36), Kosmos 2080 (Uragan #37)
COSMOS 2109 (GLONASS) 1990-110A 1990-12-08 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2110 (Uragan #40), Kosmos 2111 (Uragan #41)
COSMOS 2110 (GLONASS) 1990-110B 1990-12-08 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2109 (Uragan #39), Kosmos 2111 (Uragan #41)
COSMOS 2111 (GLONASS) 1990-110C 1990-12-08 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2109 (Uragan #39), Kosmos 2110 (Uragan #40)
COSMOS 2139 (GLONASS) 1991-025A 1991-04-04 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2140 (Uragan #43), Kosmos 2141 (Uragan #44)
COSMOS 2140 (GLONASS) 1991-025B 1991-04-04 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2139 (Uragan #42), Kosmos 2141 (Uragan #44)
COSMOS 2141 (GLONASS) 1991-025C 1991-04-04 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2139 (Uragan #42), Kosmos 2140 (Uragan #43)
COSMOS 2177 (GLONASS) 1992-005A 1992-01-29 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2178 (Uragan #46), Kosmos 2179 (Uragan #47)
COSMOS 2178 (GLONASS) 1992-005B 1992-01-29 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2177 (Uragan #45), Kosmos 2179 (Uragan #47)
COSMOS 2179 (GLONASS) 1992-005C 1992-01-29 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2177 (Uragan #45), Kosmos 2178 (Uragan #46)
COSMOS 2206 (GLONASS) 1992-047A 1992-07-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2205 (Uragan #49), Kosmos 2206 (Uragan #50)
COSMOS 2204 (GLONASS) 1992-047B 1992-07-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2204 (Uragan #48), Kosmos 2206 (Uragan #50)
COSMOS 2205 (GLONASS) 1992-047C 1992-07-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2204 (Uragan #48), Kosmos 2205 (Uragan #49)
COSMOS 2234 (GLONASS) 1993-010A 1993-02-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2235 (Uragan #52), Kosmos 2236 (Uragan #53)
COSMOS 2236 (GLONASS) 1993-010B 1993-02-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2234 (Uragan #51), Kosmos 2236 (Uragan #53)
COSMOS 2235 (GLONASS) 1993-010C 1993-02-17 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2234 (Uragan #51), Kosmos 2235 (Uragan #52)
COSMOS 2276 (GLONASS) 1994-021A 1994-04-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2276 (Uragan #55), Kosmos 2277 (Uragan #56)
COSMOS 2277 (GLONASS) 1994-021B 1994-04-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2275 (Uragan #54), Kosmos 2277 (Uragan #56)
COSMOS 2275 (GLONASS) 1994-021C 1994-04-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2275 (Uragan #54), Kosmos 2276 (Uragan #55)
COSMOS 2287 (GLONASS) 1994-050A 1994-08-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2288 (Uragan #58), Kosmos 2289 (Uragan #59)
COSMOS 2289 (GLONASS) 1994-050B 1994-08-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2287 (Uragan #57), Kosmos 2289 (Uragan #59)
COSMOS 2288 (GLONASS) 1994-050C 1994-08-11 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2287 (Uragan #57), Kosmos 2288 (Uragan #58)
COSMOS 2295 (GLONASS) 1994-076A 1994-11-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2295 (Uragan #61), Kosmos 2296 (Uragan #62)
COSMOS 2296 (GLONASS) 1994-076B 1994-11-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2294 (Uragan #60), Kosmos 2296 (Uragan #62)
COSMOS 2294 (GLONASS) 1994-076C 1994-11-20 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2294 (Uragan #60), Kosmos 2295 (Uragan #61)
COSMOS 2307 (GLONASS) 1995-009A 1995-03-07 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2308 (Uragan #64), Kosmos 2309 (Uragan #65)
COSMOS 2308 (GLONASS) 1995-009B 1995-03-07 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2307 (Uragan #63), Kosmos 2309 (Uragan #65)
COSMOS 2309 (GLONASS) 1995-009C 1995-03-07 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2307 (Uragan #63), Kosmos 2308 (Uragan #64)
COSMOS 2316 (GLONASS) 1995-037A 1995-07-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2317 (Uragan #67), Kosmos 2318 (Uragan #68)
COSMOS 2317 (GLONASS) 1995-037B 1995-07-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2316 (Uragan #66), Kosmos 2318 (Uragan #68)
COSMOS 2318 (GLONASS) 1995-037C 1995-07-24 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2316 (Uragan #66), Kosmos 2317 (Uragan #67)
COSMOS 2325 (GLONASS) 1995-068A 1995-12-14 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2324 (Uragan #70), Kosmos 2325 (Uragan #71)
COSMOS 2324 (GLONASS) 1995-068B 1995-12-14 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2323 (Uragan #69), Kosmos 2325 (Uragan #71)
COSMOS 2323 (GLONASS) 1995-068C 1995-12-14 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2323 (Uragan #69), Kosmos 2324 (Uragan #70)
COSMOS 2364 (GLONASS) 1998-077A 1998-12-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2363 (Uragan #73), Kosmos 2364 (Uragan #74)
COSMOS 2363 (GLONASS) 1998-077B 1998-12-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2362 (Uragan #72), Kosmos 2364 (Uragan #74)
COSMOS 2362 (GLONASS) 1998-077C 1998-12-30 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2362 (Uragan #72), Kosmos 2363 (Uragan #73)
COSMOS 2375 (GLONASS) 2000-063A 2000-10-13 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2375 (Uragan #76), Kosmos 2376 (Uragan #77)
COSMOS 2376 (GLONASS) 2000-063B 2000-10-13 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2374 (Uragan #75), Kosmos 2376 (Uragan #77)
COSMOS 2374 (GLONASS) 2000-063C 2000-10-13 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2374 (Uragan #75), Kosmos 2375 (Uragan #76)
COSMOS 2381 (GLONASS) 2001-053B 2001-12-01 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2381 (Uragan #79), Kosmos 2382 (Uragan-(M) #1)
COSMOS 2380 (GLONASS) 2001-053C 2001-12-01 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2380 (Uragan #78), Kosmos 2382 (Uragan-(M) #1)
COSMOS 2394 (GLONASS) 2002-060A 2002-12-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2M with Kosmos 2395 (Uragan #81), Kosmos 2396 (Uragan #82)
COSMOS 2396 (GLONASS) 2002-060B 2002-12-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2M with Kosmos 2394 (Uragan #80), Kosmos 2396 (Uragan #82)
COSMOS 2395 (GLONASS) 2002-060C 2002-12-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2M with Kosmos 2394 (Uragan #80), Kosmos 2395 (Uragan #81)
COSMOS 2404 (GLONASS) 2003-056A 2003-12-10 TTMTR Proton-K Briz-M with Kosmos 2403 (Uragan #84), Kosmos 2404 (Uragan-M #1)
COSMOS 2402 (GLONASS) 2003-056B 2003-12-10 TTMTR Proton-K Briz-M with Kosmos 2404 (Uragan #83), Kosmos 2404 (Uragan-M #1)
COSMOS 2413 (GLONASS) 2004-053A 2004-12-26 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2412 (Uragan #86), Kosmos 2413 (Uragan-M #2)
COSMOS 2412 (GLONASS) 2004-053C 2004-12-26 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2411 (Uragan #85), Kosmos 2413 (Uragan-M #2)
COSMOS 2419 (GLONASS) 2005-050A 2005-12-25 TTMTR Proton-K Blok-DM-2 with Kosmos 2417 (Uragan-M #3), Kosmos 2418 (Uragan-M #4)