The Soyuz MS crewed spacecraft has been developed on the basis of a Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft.
Soyuz-MS introduces following upgrades:
- more efficient solar panels
- the new Kurs-NA approach and docking system, which has a mass of less than half that of its predecessor
- additional micro-meteoroid debris shielding
- a modified docking and attitude control engine ? which will add redundancy during docking and deorbit burns.
- a main computer, TsVM-101, which has a mass (8.3 kg) of only one-eighth that of its Argon-16 predecessor (70 kg) and a smaller volume.
- a unified digital command/telemetry system that allows telemetry to be transmitted via Luch relay satellites for control of the spacecraft as well as to provide crew with positioning data when the spacecraft is out of range of ground tracking stations.
- upgraded GLONASS / GPS and COSPAS-SARSAT satellite systems to provide more accurate location services during search/rescue operations after landing.
Soyuz-MS is to provide rescue of the main crew of the station in emergency and delivery of
visiting crews.
During the flight the spacecraft fulfills the following tasks:
- delivery of a visiting crew consisting of up to three persons and small accompanying
cargoes
- constant availability of the spacecraft, attached to the station during its crewed
flight, in the standby mode to be ready for emergency descent of the main crew onto the
ground in case of hazardous situation on the station, cosmonaut illness or injury, etc.
(assured crew return vehicle function);
- planned descent of the visiting crew onto the ground;
- returning to the ground, together with the crew, payloads of relatively low mass and
volume
- disposal of wastes from the station in the living compartment to be burned down in the
atmosphere during descent.
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